@article{Сінчук_Родін_2018, title={SEAL OF VLADIMIR VSEVOLODOVICH MONOMAH FROM BELARUS}, url={https://numismatic-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/33}, DOI={10.31470/2616-6275-2018-2-52-69}, abstractNote={<p>Abstract<br> The work is devoted to the found old Russian seal of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh, accompanying her three fragments of Western European denarii and the fragment of a silver ingot. The seal, coins and a piece&nbsp;of ingot were found in the Kopyl district of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus. Google Maps and a Fly-photo quadcopter give an idea of a site about 20x30 m in size with finds from&nbsp;the old Russian time from the arable layer, its GPS coordinates are 53°11’24.28”N, 27°19’10.15”E. Among the neighboring finds is a bronze horseshoe-shaped fibula with a broken tongue-needle and&nbsp;fragments of brooches, persistent neurons ornamented with rounded dents unclosed rings, a piece of a belt set&nbsp;buckle, ornamented bells with cuts, belt rings and fragments of overlays, round buttons, iron coulter with slotted,&nbsp;iron openers slag. Slag is found with a density of approximately one piece per 5-7 m2. Also nearby were found&nbsp;three fragments of silver West European denarii K. 10 - the first fourth of 11th-century a small stump of a small&nbsp;silver ingot. Seal has the following metric parameters: diameter 24.2-27.2 mm, thickness 2.7-4.5 mm, weight 13.8 g.<br> The weight of identical seals, unlike the diameter specified by the printing matrix, may differ significantly from&nbsp;each other depending on the thickness of the used blanks. The overwhelming majority of the finds of the ancient&nbsp;Russian seals cause the 11th beginning the 12th century. Found seal of the same name, is included in the group&nbsp;of later seals with Russian benevolent inscription. The seals of this type with the name of Vasily and with a&nbsp;benevolent inscription were attributed to Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh in 1928 by N. Likhachev.&nbsp;Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh (1053-1125), at the baptism of Vasily Prince of Rostov (1066-1073),&nbsp;Prince of Smolensk (1073-1078), Chernigov (1078-1094), Pereyaslavsky (1094-1113), Grand Prince of Kiev<br> (1113-1125 ). To this day, the seals with the benevolent inscription of the LORD GIVE HELP TO YOUR&nbsp;SLAVE VASILIY recorded more than 100 copies. In 1978 in the city of Vyshgorod, Kiev region. A seal was&nbsp;found with the same paleographic/personal signs of a matrix pair; it was made by the same cutter. Hoards of «chopped silver» (the so-called Hacksilber) are characteristic of the north-east of Western&nbsp;Europe to 11 early 12 century. The practice of using chopped weight silver (including coins) primarily widely&nbsp;spread in Scandinavia, which is also notable for the abundance of finds of small folding scales in bronze bowl-shaped cases. Weights and scales for small weighings with a folding beam spread over a large territory of &nbsp;Europe as an inevitable companion of «chopped silver» and a necessary attribute of the merchant. In our opinion, healthy pragmatism can be seen in the grinding of coins - in this way it was possible to &nbsp;avoid imitations in base metal or low-grade coins since the core of the coin was visible in the fracture. After&nbsp;grinding, all fragments acquired an individual form, which made it difficult to counterfeit coin fragments, and<br> the remains of the image, in turn, were another guarantee for the good quality of the metal. The oldest coin is a small fragment of the West European denarius of the city of Magdeburg Otto III (983-1002),&nbsp;more&nbsp;precisely,&nbsp;to the&nbsp;royal period of 983-996. (Dbg. 639). The second coin is a fragment of the&nbsp;anonymous denarius of Magdeburg (Dbg. 643). German researcher Christoph Kilger calls Archbishop Gizelkhar&nbsp;(981-1004) a possible issuer and dates this type to about 995-1000. The youngest is a fragment of the denarius &nbsp;of Esslingen Henry II (1002-1024) (Dbg. 951). It is suggested that the protective practice of mass cutting of denarii («chopped silver») is expedient.&nbsp;A chopped (more precisely, chopped-broken) fragment of a silver ingot has a weight of 1.4 g, a height &nbsp;of 4.8 mm, and a cross section of 11x6.6 mm. Perhaps this is a fragment of the Lithuanian payment rod-like&nbsp;ingot, which appeared in the middle of the 13th century. The authors discuss the localization of the treasure of the Western European denarii Ludvishche (1934)&nbsp;with the date of concealment on the youngest coin of 1060-1065, which is significant for the periodization, and<br> which with equal probability can be attributed to both Belarusian and Ukrainian territory. &nbsp;The authors discuss the localization of the treasure of Western European denarii Ludvishche (1934) that&nbsp;is significant for the periodization, with the date of concealment on the youngest coin of 1060-1065, which&nbsp;with equal probability can be attributed to both Belarusian and Ukrainian territory. Both single and pantries&nbsp;Belarusian finds of recent years show that the upper limit of the period should be considered as middle 11th<br> century. It is known that at a distance of 5 km from the location of the seal and denarii in 2018, a fragment of ½ dirham with an unreadable date was found: Samanids, Samarkand, Ahmad ibn Ismail 295-301 A.H.&nbsp;(907-914 A.D.). The random discovery of a dirham at a relatively short distance from fragments of denarii is&nbsp;interesting in that pieces of dirhams and Western European denarii in treasures occur together in the 10th - beginning of the 11th century. As shown by the coin treasures of the turn of the 11-12th centuries while being in their composition of&nbsp;coins to the end of 10th century beg. the 11th century they have significantly their superior number of coins in&nbsp;the middle of the 11th century, and even more coins to the end of the 11th century. If the found fragments were&nbsp;a part of the coins in circulation or a part of a hoard of a later time, they would be more likely to be a second&nbsp;part of the 11th century. It seems most likely that the found fragments of coins come from a certain complex of&nbsp;the beginning of the 11th century. Found in close proximity to the print last thirds 11 first fourth of the 12th-century fragments of Western&nbsp;European denarii of the turn of the 10-11th centuries (so-called Hacksilber) most likely not related to&nbsp;simultaneous existence.&nbsp;Discovered objects mark a settlement of 11-14 centuries. Discovered objects mark a settlement of 11-14 centuries.</p&gt;}, number={2}, journal={The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual}, author={Сінчук, Іван and Родін, В’ячеслав}, year={2018}, month={Dec.}, pages={52-69} }