@article{Ніколаєв_2019, title={ONOMASTICS AND PROSPOGRAPHY IN RESTORATION OF COIN MONOGRAMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OLBIA IV CENTURY B.C.)}, url={https://numismatic-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/63}, DOI={10.31470/2616-6275-2019-3-5-27}, abstractNote={<p>The current state of the theory and practice of interpretations of coin monograms and abbreviations&nbsp;is unsatisfactory; there is an urgent need to develop the appropriate algorithms and methods. On the&nbsp;example of Olbia’s coin -research affair, the existence of two groups of monograms and abbreviations&nbsp;was established. These groups differ significantly in the way of their disclosure and also in the&nbsp;consequences of their interpretation. The first group is associated with well-known historic figures, for&nbsp;example, monarchs. Monograms are revealed on the basis of the prosopographical (historical)&nbsp;information. For example, the coin legends ΣΚΥΛ and ΑΡΙΧΟ are associated with the Scythian king&nbsp;Scyl and his half-brother Oric. These persons are known from the work of Herodotus. The second group&nbsp;of monograms constitutes the overwhelming majority and hides the names of so-called coin magistrates.&nbsp;These monograms are usually “opened” by the formal (onomastic) selection of many corresponding&nbsp;names, that is, in the absence of the historical context. For example, in the ancient world, the&nbsp;monogram of the HP is quite commonly known as Ἡροσῶν, Ἡρόδοτος, Ἡρόφιλος, and so on. The&nbsp;obvious striking differences in the interpretation of the two groups of monograms according to the&nbsp;historical context (the existence of two groups of monograms is generally inherent in ancient&nbsp;numismatics). Meanwhile, the needs of modern science dictate the necessity to find methods that, in&nbsp;contrast to the formal onomastic approach, are able to take into account the historical context. This is&nbsp;the unsolved part of the general problem of disclosure of monograms. Consequently, behind each&nbsp;monogram, abbreviation or fragment of a name there is a real historical figure. In numismatics, that is&nbsp;a monarch or eponym or a person (a group of people), involved in organization of coinage (or&nbsp;financing)of the issue – a coin magistrate. In ceramic epigraphy (without taking into account household&nbsp;graffiti) -that is an agoranom (astinom). In the magic inscriptions – the persons who is cursed. In lapidary&nbsp;epigraphy, as a rule-a prominent historical person, and so on. In general, is it possible to identify a&nbsp;fragment of a name, or its abbreviation, or a monogram with a real historical person in case that this&nbsp;person is, for example, a city official and not a monarch known in the ancient world? Obviously, in&nbsp;order to acquire the historical context in the process of identifying a monogram, it is necessary to&nbsp;describe such a person, at least in two-dimensional space, chronological and genealogical. To a certain&nbsp;extent prosopography is able to provide these requirements – a special historical discipline, which&nbsp;operates exclusively with real historical persons in time, limited by the range of activity of these&nbsp;individuals. The purpose of the article is to investigate the transformation of the onomastic material&nbsp;from the coin legends into a complete historic source. The purpose of the article is achieved by applying&nbsp;the restored chronology of the late-classical-Hellenistic Olbia introduced by the author and the essence&nbsp;of its prosopography – synchronizing and restoring the size of the eponymous catalog IPE I2 201. The&nbsp;theoretical substantiation of the prosopraphic reconstruction algorithm is fulfilled, the examples of its&nbsp;practical application are given, as well as arguments increasing the reliability of chronological&nbsp;and prosopographical constructions and overcoming the criticisms of the opponent are also proposed .&nbsp;The disclosure of coins monograms by the names of real historical figures is proposed – those&nbsp;are coin magistrates, who also fulfilled the duties of city eponyms, agoranomes and others. In the&nbsp;chronological diapason of the second – the third quarter of IV century BC at least two groups of coin&nbsp;monograms (abbreviations) coinciding with the names of eponyms from the corresponding sections of&nbsp;the eponymous catalog are found: 345, 344, 343, 342, 341, 340, 339 BC, respectively, ΦΙΛΙ – Φιλί(σκος&nbsp;Ἡροδώρου), ΑΡΙΣΤ – Ἀριστ(οκράτης Ἀρίστωνος), ΘΕΟ – Θεο(κλῆς Ἀρίστωνος), ΑΛΦ (ΦΛΑ) –&nbsp;Ἀλφ(ῖνος Ποσειδωνίου), ΚΑΛΛΙ – Κάλλι(ππος Καλλινίκου), ΕΥΠΡ – Εὔ(δωρος) Πρ(ωτογένους),&nbsp;ΛΕΟΝΤ – Λεοντ(ομένης Ἱκεσίου) and 330, 329, 328, 326, 325, 324, 320, 317 BC,&nbsp;respectively, Πο(λύμνηστος Μένωνος) (or Πο(σειδώνιος Ἐπικράτου)), Κ(αλλίνικος)&nbsp;Ε(υξένου)/Φιλοξένου, Εὑ(ρ¼μων) Τι(μησιθέου), Θε(οκύδης Παγκράτου), Δ(ιιστέφης) Ἑ(στιαίου),&nbsp;Π(ρωτογένης) Ε(ὐδώρου), Ἑκα(τέων Παντακλέους), Κλε(όμβροτος Παντακλέους). This is a good sign&nbsp;indicating the relatively high probability of the existence of the proposed&nbsp;prosopographic hypotheses, that is, the acquisition of the historical context in the disclosure of individual&nbsp;monograms and abbreviations (there are others not considered in the article groups of monograms that&nbsp;correlate with other parts of the eponymous catalog). According to the ancient tradition,&nbsp;a coin magistrate performed the duties chronologically close to the position carried out by an eponym;&nbsp;the use of the eponymous catalog allows to obtain the most accurate date of issue of the coin. The&nbsp;classification of monograms concerning the catalog of Olbia eponyms is proposed. Also, a new version&nbsp;of the monogram on the first issue of «borysphenes» was introduced into scientific circulation,&nbsp;confirming both the fact of the siege of Olbia conducted by Zopyrion and the role of the prominent&nbsp;figure of Kallinic Euxenous in introducing the monetary reform around 330 BC. The expansion of the&nbsp;chronological range of research should be considered as the prospects for further research , as well as&nbsp;similar researches for Panticapaeus and Chersonese Tauriсe, the simultaneous numismatics applications&nbsp;of research methods in combination with methods of dissemination.&nbsp;<br>indicating the relatively high probability of the existence of the proposed chronological and</p&gt;}, number={3}, journal={The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual}, author={Ніколаєв, Микола}, year={2019}, month={Oct.}, pages={5-27} }