TY - JOUR AU - Нечитайло, Валерій PY - 2019/10/17 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - THE THEORIES ABOUT MINTING THE COINS BY UKRAINIAN HETMANS JF - The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual JA - Ukr. Numismat. Annu. VL - 0 IS - 3 SE - Articles DO - 10.31470/2616-6275-2019-3-88-104 UR - https://numismatic-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/70 SP - 88-104 AB - There was an active scholarly discussion in the numismatic circles of Ukraine regarding the possibility of minting at the initiative of the Cossack hetmans their own coins at the beginning of the 20th century. However, such coins have not been discovered, and multiple mentions of them in print sources of information remain only the basis for various hypotheses. To the coins, which could be hypothetically minted by the order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, we can conditionally refer the imitations of poltoraks, made with the use of silver. Unfortunately, the plans of Ivan Vyhovsky to mint in Kyiv the coins of the Grand Principality of Rus’, which were similar to the Polish-Lithuanian coins, have not materialized. We assume that the coins minted at the initiative and on behalf of Petro Doroshenko could be coins of average face-value, made of silver. In our deep conviction, the fact of the money emission on the assignment of the Cossack hetmans is indisputable, as evidenced by the analysis of newly found Ukrainian treasures, which includes coins, probably, minted by hetmans. However, taking into account a drastic increase of numismatic treasure material, that was found by private searchers over the last almost 20 years, it has become possible to develop the issue of minting by Ukrainian hetmans their own coins. Although the results of official archaeological searches conducted on the sites of Cossack settlements, in the Bogoroditsky Fortress and at the place of the Battle of Berestechko, on the territory of the fortress in Zhabotin and on Khortytsia island, had not given science the finds of the desired own coin of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. We assume that, apparently, coins minted at the initiative and on behalf of the Ukrainian hetmans could have been coins of average face-value made of silver. We have imposed silver false coins of trojak and shestak into scientific circulation in a catalog composed together with E. Zamekhovsky and I. Ermachenko, dedicated to the stamped varieties of coins of these nominals. There was collected a number of previously unknown numismatic science varieties of these coins with a reproduction of the design of individual elements of the field and the presentation of variants of the legend in this mentioned edition. This catalog also allows you to get acquainted with false silver coins, which were faked on the prototype of these coins. In our opinion, these coins were issued in the years 1648-1658, as evidenced by their presence in treasure finds up to the 1690s. To the coins that could be hypothetically made by order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, we can conditionally include imitations of poltorak, made with the use of silver. At the same time, we consider false silver coins of poltoraks as possible results of the emission on the orders of the Ukrainian hetmans. We also, not exclude the possibility of the minting of some of these coins and at the initiative of individuals, as well as most of the false coins made by the method of surface coating. Analyzing the latest findings of coins in Ukraine, we found more than 500 stamped varieties of false soliduses, the emission of which was made probably by the Cossack Hetmans. Thus, in particular, in treasure complexes, their hoarding dates from the 1660s. The poltorak differs with the date «1622», it has a high cross in the image of the state and the image of the figure «2», that was not characteristic of poltoraks of state coining. We assume that the coins, minted on the initiative and on behalf of Petro Doroshenko could be coins of average nominal made of silver. We do not find reliable documentary evidence of the forgery of polushkas at the order of Danilo Apostol in the fund of the state archives, and the wide variety of known false coins, by the example of Peter I’s polushkas does not allow us to establish a single illegal center for their production in the territory of the Hetmanate. We do not find reliable documentary evidence of the forgery of polushkas at the order of Danilo Apostol in the fund of the state archives, and the wide variety of known false coins, for the example of Peter I’s polushkas does not allow us to establish a single illegal center for their production in the territory of the Hetmanate. In our opinion, the fact of money emission on behalf of the Cossack hetmans is indisputable, that was evidenced by the conducted analysis of new Ukrainian treasures, which includes coins, which, as their predecessors assumed, were minted by   hetmans.their predecessors assumed, were minted by hetmans. ER -